It can vary, but generally 10%–20% of the total project cost is expected as your equity contribution. If you’re opening a new unit, the franchisor may require a certain net worth or liquid capital anyway, which overlaps with this. For purchasing an existing franchise (business acquisition), 7(a) loans officially require at least 10% equity injection; in practice lenders often like to see around 20% from the buyer. Sometimes, part of this can be a seller financing note (for an acquisition) if the seller keeps some skin in the game. Always check with your lender on the specific down payment needed for your situation.